Center for the Environment - Harvard University
Center for the Environment - Harvard University
Center for the Environment - Harvard University
Center for the Environment - Harvard University

FACULTY & STUDENT RESOURCES

Environmental Courses


Harvard Graduate School of Design

Harvard Graduate School of Design Course Catalog

GSD 1111: First Semester Core: Landscape Architecture Design
M. Blier, P. Meijerink, J. Choi, M. Van Valkenburgh Fall M, W, F, 1:00 - 6:00
The first of a four-term sequence of landscape design and planning studios, this course introduces the vocabulary for describing, analyzing, and designing landscapes. A series of short design exercises explores the principles and conceptual strategies for organizing and articulating landscape spaces, surfaces, elements, and materials. Design proposals will be developed and presented with drawings and models.

GSD 1112: Second Semester Core: Landscape Architecture Design
C. Werthmann, D. Imbert, V. Johnson Spring M, F 1:00-6:00; W, 2:00-6:00
This course is the second of a four-semester core sequence of landscape design and planning studios. In this semester, students will expand their previous investigations into a more complex site and set of design problems. The studio is arranged into a series of independent but related exercises of increasing scale and varying relationships within the urban context. In this design process, natural, temporal, and cultural phenomena will inflect program, spatial configuration, and materials. Particular emphasis will be placed on topographic manipulations and the use of vegetation as a tool of design. The studio will seek to relate subject matter and technique with courses in technology, planting design, drawing, and history.

GSD 1121: Core Urban Planning Studio I
J. Grant Long, A. Carbonell, K. Madden Fall M, W, 2:00 - 6:00
Prerequisites: Enrollment in the Urban Planning program.
The first-term core studio explores ideas, conventions, and technical skills essential to a critical understanding of how urban planning operates within the various scales of the built environment. The studio emphasizes the formulation, analysis, implementation, and representation of plans and projects for the built environment.

GSD 1122: Second Semester Core Urban Planning Studio
B. Ryan, S. Cecil Spring M, W 2:00-6:00
Prerequisites: Enrollment in the Urban Planning program.
The second semester core urban planning studio is designed to strengthen and expand the topics and methodogies studied in the first semester core studio, GSD 1121. GSD 1122 examines three different types of planning problems over the course of the semester in three studio exercises. Each exercise occurs at a different scale and in a different geographical location. The exercises are cumulative and increase in complexity, and the length of time spent on each exercise therefore increases over the course of the semester: two weeks, four weeks, and six weeks respectively. The first studio exercise is sited in Cambridge, the second within the Boston metropolitan region, and the third in New York City.

GSD 1211: Third Semester Core: Planning and Design of Landscapes
S. Fultineer, K. Martin, P. Cote, D. Imbert, E. Kelly Fall M, W, F, 2:00 - 6:00
This course reinforces and builds upon the range of conventions of landscape architectural production introduced in previous core studios and academic courses. Emphasis is placed on precision and craft in conceptual, schematic, and design development abilities. Issues of the physical, socioeconomic, technological, architectural, and ideological forces underlying the organization and form of human communities are incorporated into a series of projects. At each stage, students are expected to reconcile the sometimes conflicting characteristics among land resources, development pressures, privacy, and commonality. Throughout, a strong reciprocity between depth of thinking and the act of making is sought. Each studio critic works directly with a small group of students for the duration of the semester. A combination of faculty, practicing landscape architects and visiting critics are selected each semester.

GSD 1212: Fourth Semester Core: Planning and Design of Landscapes
H. Clarke, W. Martin, C. Ruane Spring M, W, F, 2:00-6:00
The fourth of the four-term sequence of landscape design and planning studios develops the design concepts introduced in the first year and applies them to landscape site design problems of increased scale and programmatic complexity. A site within an urbanized context is used as the locus for the design studio. A series of incremental design exercises introduces and critically analyzes contemporary site design practices. These are followed by the design and development of a public landscape comprising of residential, commercial, and civic open spaces.

GSD 1221: Elements of Urban Design
F. Correa, M. Zogran, R. Sommer Fall M, W, F, 2:00 - 6:00
Prerequisites: Enrollment in urban design programs or completion of studio series GSD 1201-1202 or 1211-1212.
Advanced core studio exploring ideas, conventions, and technical skills essential to a critical understanding of how design operates at the various scales of urbanity and metropolitan development. Exercises emphasize the documentation, interpretation and projection of urbanized territories, concentrating on both formal and programmatic speculation.

GSD 1313: Natural and Urban, Green and Grey?
I. LaMuniere, R. De Oliveira Castro Spring T, W, 2:00-6:00
The studio project will question the contemporary specificities and characteristics of urban architecture. How can themes like density, street profile, mixed use, housing, private and public spheres, find new conditions and original designs which are simultaneously big buildings and fragments of the urban fabric? How can sustainability reinvent the thickness of the city facade as an in-between space, and, at the same time an intelligent skin and a space for nature? How can architecture and construction elaborate from the reality of a context, new conditions of living concentrating on the atmospheric and poetic qualities of materials, fabrics, but also on ventilation, temperature, light and humidity.

GSD 1401: Testing the Water: The Tajo River in Spain
C. Werthmann, C. Steinitz  Fall  M,W 2:00 - 6:00
One-week field trip to Spain: September 23-29
The Tajo is the second largest river in Spain, stretching from the Albarracin mountains to the Atlantic Ocean at Lisbon, crossing the rapidly growing Greater Madrid Region. The studio will explore the revival of the upper Tajo River into a real "living" river. We will study a 120km segment between Aranjuez, Toledo and Talavera de la Reina, as the most historically important, urbanized and polluted stretch of the river. Thereby the studio will evolve around a main question: How can an open sewer be transformed into a regional asset?

GSD 1402: MUMBAI MARGINS: Rethinking the Island City, Mumbai, India
Pavements, slums, chawls, colonies, estates as landscapes of renewal

N. Kirkwood, N. Cooper Fall Tu, Th, 2:00 - 6:00
The studio will reconsider the Island City of Mumbai as a more livable and sustainable metropolitan landscape. In particular students will comprehensively examine the urban renewal of housing district lands, infrastructure, and public open space within a highly constrained setting, conflicted with severe environmental and overcrowding problems yet with timely opportunities to address the increasing population and their distribution within the metropolitan area. The aim of the studio will be to generate, test and demonstrate a design model or models that conform to the needs of renewal and the urban landscape within housing districts in the Island City and to do so from the perspective of private/public partnerships, including satisfaction of local aims and perspectives of residents, developers and municipal authorities. The motivation behind the study is to inform sustainable long term planning in the Metropolitan area that will culminate in the completion of the new Master Plan in 2011. The studio will explore within the design models the concept of urban "margins" as a geographical, ecological and physical condition within the city fabric and a driving force in shaping the built environment as well as the outcome of long standing economic and social transactions in the city. A sponsored field trip to Mumbai will take place early in the semester and the studio is open to eligible students from all GSD departments and programs.

GSD 1403: Half a Million Trees
G. Hilderbrand, K. Frederickson  Fall  Tu, W 2:00 - 6:00
This studio addresses design and planning practices of sustainable urban forestry. The decline of our urban forest cover can be addressed as a series of fundamental design problems: how we grow trees, how we place them in the ground, how long we expect them to thrive, how we use the space where they grow, and how we manage these decisions as a sustainable, common cultural asset. With the help of experts in production growing, soils building, arboriculture, urban social programming, and governance, the studio plans to confront these questions with the goal of devising new strategies and applying them to myriad urban conditions in South Boston. Through research and design, we expect to unearth a new engagement of urban structure that considers how we plant at all scales. The research outcomes and design proposals will be published as the foundation for a multi-year project on sustainable planting practices.

GSD 1404: Landscaping Urbanisms / Urbanizing Landscapes
C. Verzone, C. Cannon Spring Tu, Th, 2:00-6:00
The studio will explore the critical and contingent nature of urban public space through unusual landscapes. Our site, 1 mile long by nearly 400 yards wide is bound to the south by the Williamsburg Bridge and to the north by the ConEd power plant at 13th Street. To the east it is fused to the East River and to the west to Avenue D. It includes the public housing parcels of Wald, Baruch and Jacob Riis, the FDR Drive and the East River Park. With the intent to stitch into the publicly accessible waterfront landscape wrapping much of New York City the site has the potential to expand southward to include the Corlear's Hook Housing, Corlear's Park and the maritime piers and northward to stretch beyond the pinched waterfront path at the ConEd fueling station. The Studio will focus on the reclamation of these public spaces through a rethinking of the urban ground plane and the landscapes and buildings that occupy it. Tools at the our disposal will include: municipal park programming, environmental remediation and design, public patrimony and privatization.

GSD 1405: Asphalt: The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly
P. Meijerink Spring W, F, 2:00-6:00
The goal of the Asphalt Studio is to inspire change in the way we think about asphalt spaces. The objective for this studio is to revamp the parking lot. With students and research assistants, a series of prototypes will be developed that investigate the use of asphalt, and the different components of asphalt, for parking spaces, varying in size from 20 to 10,000 units. Among other inquiries, the studio will investigate designs for parking lots that are more engaged spatially, formally, and materially; strategies for maximizing vegetation and tree canopies; integrating runoff, methods to integrate other program components; and approaches to designing parking lots to better support community interaction. A component of the studio is dedicated to on site construction of new asphalt surfaces. The research outcomes and design prototypes are intended to be published.

GSD 1501: A Lo Que Vinimos: Revitalization of Central San Jose, Costa Rica
M. Mulligan, P.G. Rowe  Fall Tu, W 2:00 - 6:00
Contact the Department of Urban Planning and Design for more information.

GSD 1503: Recovering New Orleans
B. Ryan Fall Tu, Th 2:00 - 6:00
Contact the Department of Urban Planning and Design for more information.

GSD 3102: Theories and Practices of Contemporary Landscape Architecture 1950-2006
J. Beardsley Spring Tu, 11:30-1:00; W, 9:00-11:30
Practice, according to Garrett Eckbo, is 'knowing how to do something; theory is knowing why.' This course will explore the 'know why' of landscape architecture since the Second World War, juxtaposing both the built works and the writings of landscape architects with texts that address methodology or the discipline's larger theoretical and cultural contexts. Within this broad framework, the course will examine a series of topics: the quest for a modern language for landscape architecture in the 1950s and 1960s; the challenge to the profession in the later 1960s from ecology on the one hand and from art on the other; the complexity and heterodoxy of the contemporary situation, in which the social, ecological, phenomenological, and artistic dimensions of the practice struggle for reconciliation; the growing hybridization of landscape design with urbanism and architecture; and the more speculative effort on the part of some practitioners to address globalization, commercialization and simulation.

GSD 3307: Theories and Methods of Landscape Planning
C. Steinitz, J. Vargas Moreno Fall M, Tu, 11:30 - 1:30
This course has three aspects. The first is a series of lectures by Carl Steinitz in which different elements of theories and methods applicable to landscape planning are critically surveyed. Each lecture and its readings include one or more case studies in which that particular aspect of theory or method was central to its success or failure. Second, and seen as a whole, these methods share fundamental operations in the inventory, organization, and analysis of spatial data. These are introduced through lectures and via exercises in a workshop format. Third, each student will replicate and present a landscape analysis from a documented case study using computer-based techniques. A comparison of these case studies provides insights into theories and methods and their shared techniques and also illustrates how they can be adapted to particular landscape planning situations.

GSD 3312: Deleuze and Landscapes
H. Clarke Spring F, 9:00-12:00
This seminar will closely read French philosopher Gilles Deleuze's (1925-1995) writings for their potential to provoke new thinking of landscape design and description. Deleuze develops ideas through biological and ecological models that engage conditions of time, movement, change, difference, and 'becoming' over 'being': 'the rhizome,' 'becoming-animal,' the 'Body Without Organs.' The seminar is organized around discussions of a series of both independent and interrelated topics selected from Deleuze's writings; these will be supplemented by additional readings of his sources. Every other week, we will critique selected Deleuzian philosophical topics in conjunction with an examination of existing landscapes, projects, and images in terms of the theoretical conclusions discussed in the readings.

GSD 3329: Methods of Urban Planning
J. Grant Long  Fall  Tu, Th 2:00 - 3:30/Tu, Th 4:00 - 5:30
This companion course to the first-term Core Urban Planning Studio introduces students to selected methods used by urban planners in understanding, analyzing, and influencing the built environment. Students learn about the following: spatial analysis through GIS; visual representation techniques; projections and forecasts in plan-making, including how demographic, economic, and market forecasts inform land use and infrastructure needs assessments; how alternative land use scenarios are constructed, including approaches to allocating land use, estimating carrying capacity, and build-out analyses; and evaluation of land use impacts through fiscal, economic, social, environmental, and transportation frameworks. Enrollment limited to students simultaneously enrolled in Core Urban Planning Studio I.

GSD 4105: Studies of the Built North American Environment: 1580 to the Present
J. Stilgoe  Fall  Tu, Th 10:00 - 11:30
North America as an evolving visual environment is analyzed as a systems concatenation involving such constituent elements as farms, small towns, shopping malls, highways, suburbs, and as depicted in fiction, poetry, cartography, television, cinema, and advertising and cybernetic simulation. Note: Offered jointly with the Faculty of Arts and Sciences as VES 107.

GSD 4109: History of Landscape Architecture I
M. Lee Fall M, W, 10:00 - 11:30
This course surveys the history of landscape from antiquity to 1800 by focusing on particular gardens, cities, and landscapes, primarily in the Western world, which represent issues of importance to the trajectory of landscape architecture. For each location considered, the course seeks to understand the relations between the site and designed forms, and those political and economic structures that helped determine them. Students read from a range of commentary, to which they respond critically in writing and in class discussion.

GSD 4304: North American Seacoasts and Landscapes: Discovery Period to the Present
J. Stilgoe Fall Tu, 1:00 – 3:00
Prerequisite: GSD 4105 and GSD 4303, or permission of the instructor.
Selected topics in the history of the North American coastal zone, including the seashore as wilderness, as industrial site, as area of recreation, and as artistic subject; the shape of coastal landscape for conflicting uses over time; and the perception of the seashore as marginal zone in literature, photography, painting, film, television, and advertising. Note: Offered jointly with the Faculty of Arts and Sciences as VES 166.

GSD 4443: Technological Revolutions in Landscape
M. Lee Spring Th, 10:00-1:00
This seminar will explore the role of technological revolutions in the practice and culture of landscape architecture. By examining the innovations that have had the greatest historical impact on the field, we will seek to develop a general framework for understanding the reciprocal dynamics linking creativity in landscape design with advances in technical skills and knowledge. The second half of the course will be structured around individual student projects that expand upon these and similar themes. These projects will not be limited to the periods covered in the case studies, however, and may include topics ranging from landscape technologies in the ancient world to the effects of the digital revolution on modern theory and practice.

GSD 5201: Urban Politics and Planning
S. Fainstein Fall M, W 11:30 - 1:00
The course views cities and urban regions as political constructs. Its purpose is to help you think strategically about major urban problems and controversies, particularly those that involve shaping the physical character of urban places. The substantive content of this course includes an overview of U.S. urban governance and politics, followed by an examination of the ways in which political activities such as planning, regulation, and public investment contribute to shaping the urban built environment.

GSD 5206: Planning and Environmental Law
B. Blaesser  Fall  M, W 8:30 - 10:00
This course examines the constitutional, legislative, and common law context for the planning and use of land by private and public interests in the United States. Particular emphasis is placed on the shifting balance between protection of individual and community rights and on law's intended and unintended consequences on the physical pattern of built and natural environments. The course covers, among others, laws on zoning, urban and regional planning, growth management, open space, clean air and water, solid waste, critical habitats, design review and guidelines, historic preservation, exactions, and billboards/signs. Course readings include judicial opinions, statutes, and ordinances, as well as secondary critical materials. Registered jointly at KSG as HUT-263.

GSD 5317: Sacred Sites - Contested Sites
S. Fultineer Fall M, 10:00 - 1:00
This seminar will explore the processes, cultural and theological, by which sites within the landscape become sacralized and the conflicts that arise as populations with disparate and often adversarial theologies and worldviews cohabit or lay claim to the site and its resources. Case studies will consider sites of various scales and varying degrees of contestation ranging from ecologically complex sites where the integrity of the natural systems is an active and necessary element of the sitebs sacredness to urban sites of worship and commemoration. The tensions between the built and unbuilt will be considered, especially as it pertains to the primacy of the spiritual experience of the site. The role of design in the sacralization process and the manner in which it functions as an agent of reconciliation or exclusion will be probed, both from a historical perspective and in relation to contemporary events.

GSD 6103: Site Ecology and Environment
R. France Fall TBA
This course is required for all incoming MLA1 AP students (Fall 2005 and beyond), and MLA1 students returning for their second year (Fall 2006 and beyond). The course will present the principles of ecology as applied to a range of landscape environments. Instruction centers on the identification and analysis of vegetation, wildlife, soils, water, and microclimate in small areas such as woods, fields, lakes, wetlands, and urban sites in Greater Boston. This pre-semester course will start on September 5th.

GSD 6106: Ecology, Plants and Technology I
L. Solano, M. Urbanski Fall Tu, 2:00 - 6:00, W, 8:30 - 10:00, Th, 3:00 - 6:00
This is the first in the core sequence of Ecology, Plants and Technology courses. The first module emphasizes the identification of prominent plants in the natural communities of New England and highlights major characteristics of the vegetation, and introduces the principles of climate in the spaces around plants. The second module introduces the concept of landforms and grading in design. The course will focus on the use of landforms in history, art and landscape design. By examining the origins and inspiration for shaping the land, students will acquire a deeper understanding of how grading can inform their designs. Technical topics include surveying techniques, characteristics of contours, grading terminology and formulas, accessibility issues, drainage patterns and the manipulation of landform to express the prosaic and poetic aspects of a design.

GSD 6107: Ecology, Plants and Technology II
P. Meijerink, M. Van Valkenburgh Spring Tu, 3:00-6:00; W, 8:30-11:30
As the continuation of GSD 6106, this is the second in the core sequence of Ecology, Plants and Technology courses. The first module investigates plants as an essential medium of landscape design. Through lectures, readings, exercises, and field trips, the student builds a knowledge base of plants in design applications, principally in the northeastern United States. Emphasis is placed on critical practices of analysis, conceptualization, design, and implementation required to build and sustain healthy, meaningful landscapes. The second module of the course will review techniques and codes for grading such landscape interventions as terraces, stairs, ramps, walls, and landscape on structure. Special emphasis will be given to the understanding of site context to formulate sustainable grading and drainage techniques. Parallel discussion will range from the ethics of earthwork to the iconography of structures such as stairs and walls. The course will finish with a study of landscape materials, their properties, manufacture, and applications.

GSD 6112M2: Energy, Technology and Building
K. Kao  Fall F, 9:00 - 12:00
This lecture course introduces students to energy and environmental issues, particularly those that must be faced by the discipline of architecture. An overview of the basic principles of energy generation and energy use will be provided, and the fundamental climatic precursors and patterns will be discussed. Building design issues in relation to basic energy needs and interior environmental requirements will be briefly outlined, and students will be exposed to the underlying complexity of developing solutions that address a wide range of local and global concerns. In addition, the technological response to interior environmental control will be contextualized within the larger framework of the scientific and socio-cultural influences that shaped the building systems we currently use.

GSD 6205: Environmental Technologies in Buildings
C. Reinhart Spring W, 12:00-2:00; 2:00-5:00
This course examines the fundamental scientific principles underlying the thermal, luminous and acoustic behavior of buildings and introduces students to a range of technologies for creating comfortable indoor environments.

GSD 6218M1: Plants and Technology I
P. Del Tredici Fall Tu, 8:30 - 10:00, Th, 8:30 - 11:30
This course is devoted to understanding basic biological principals and horticultural practices that affect the growth of plants in the human landscape and determine the success or failure of landscape designs. We will cover the identification of the basic palate of woody plants commonly available in the Northeast, and their appropriate landscape use.

GSD 6219: Plants and Technology II
P. Del Tredici, N. Kirkwood Spring Tu, 2:00-5:00
GSD 6219 Plants and Technology II will address the interdependence between plants, technology and design in landscape architecture. The purpose of this course is to develop a broader understanding of traditional and emerging technologies and applied ecology in landscape architecture and how this can result in more progressive and creative design work. In addition the course material is intended to cultivate in class members a more critical interest in technology in landscape architecture both as a design medium as well as a future research topic at the GSD. Through a sequence of lectures, workshops, assignments and field visits the class will explore the processes of construction and landscape technology as they inform the physical production of built landscapes and environmentally responsive design strategies.

GSD 6301: Landscape Ecology
R.T.T. Forman Fall M, W, 8:30 - 10:00
Prerequisites:
None, but a principles of ecology course is recommended.
This course examines the structure, functioning, and change of a mosaic of ecological systems, such as forests, wetlands, fields, corridors, and villages. Focus is on spatial patterns; flows of animals, plants, mineral nutrients, and energy among ecosystems; and ecological changes in the landscape over time.

GSD 6318: Urban and Surburban Ecology
R.T.T. Forman Spring Tu, 8:30-11:30
Wildlife, vegetation, soil, air, water, and aquatic ecosystems, together with their human uses, are related to the distinctive, especially spatial, attributes of suburban and urban landscapes. Topics addressed with ecological emphasis include: urban region; suburbanization, growth and sprawl; planned community and city; suburban town; greenway and greenbelt; large and small open-space types; rail line and trail; road and vehicle; fire and flood; groundwater, wetland, stream, river, and shoreline; commercial and industrial areas; development and neighborhood; house lot; building; and tiny green spaces.

GSD 6323: Brownfields Practicum - Sustainable Redevelopment of Brownfield Sites in Somerville, Massachusetts
N. Kirkwood Spring Th, 10:00-1:00
Brownfields remain of the highest priority in the regeneration of the inner city. Defined by the US. Environmental Protection Agency as an 'abandoned, idled or underused industrial or commercial facility where expansion or redevelopment is complicated by real or perceived environmental contamination.' These derelict sites can at once ease urban land shortages as well as release pressure on rural greenfield sites. In addition they can redirect growth to areas and sites passed by due to liability concerns and clean up costs, and create more balanced regional and local growth patterns. The class will first examine the economic, environmental, community, regulatory, engineering and development conditions surrounding brownfields. This will include lectures and discussions with stakeholders from federal, city and community agencies, as well as other professionals from the legal, financial, planning, engineering, and environmental risk assessment professions.

GSD 6324: Watershed and Waterside Development Planning and Design
R. France Spring M, 8:30-11:30
This course concentrates on how different land processes (natural) and activities (anthropogenic) affect aquatic systems. b(Part 1 is based on empirical cross-system comparisons to examine patterns that transcend idiosyncrasies of particular localized areas/problems. Consideration will be fostered in broad terms about how design projects may potentially influence aquatic systems. Selected topics include: lakes and rivers in a landscape continuum, reliance on external (terrestrial) energy sources, the effects of urban salinization, toxic chemicals and sewage wastes, agricultural runoff, riparian forest clearcutting, GIS analysis of nonpoint source pollution, and watershed population development models. Part 2 examines individual, site-specific development projects selected for their ability to be illustrative of land-water interactions in general. Selected topics include: cottage development, industrial waterfronts, lake eutrophication, forest clearcutting, mining reclamation, and river urbanization.

GSD 6330: Material Matters: Case Studies on the Environmental Impact of Design
M. Ponce de Leon Spring Tu, Th, 10:00-11:30
This course will examine how material production in the various design fields, from industrial design to the design of environments and buildings, has had and continues to have a devastating effect on the planet. It will focus on materials, their history in design, current extraction, sourcing and disposal methods, as a means of understanding these issues across a variety of design fields.

GSD 6412: Sustainability
M. Schuler Spring F, 3:00-6:00
The seminar "Sustainability - Concepts for Greening GSD Gund Hall" will start with analysis of the different building systems like building envelope, heating and cooling system, ventilation system, artificial lighting system, water and sewage system, waste management and all other electrical demands. This analysis will be done by groups of 2 to 3 students for the different systems.
Based on this analysis the demands will be compared with values of reference buildings with a high comfort/ low energy approach and so the weak point can be identified. In a third step each student will develop, analyze and quantify a refurbishment strategy for GSD Gund Hall. The whole seminar will be accompanied by background lectures covering the considered system for building envelop, through all technical systems. Lectures will be every second Friday from 2 to 5 p.m.

GSD 6442: Ecological Strategies for Disturbed Sites
P. Del Tredici Spring W, 8:30-11:30
This applied lecture and workshop course focuses on the reuse and reconstruction of derelict and minimally managed urban landscapes. Emphasis will be placed on strategies for establishing sustainable plant communities on such public sites and encouraging their productive reuse by humans. The course will examine the challenges and opportunities of post-industrial land as well as the regulatory, public health, and technological aspects involved in the remediation of polluted sites. Seminar presentations and class discussions with the instructor and invited guest lecturers will focus on the interdependence between science, technology and design in addressing the issue of degraded landscapes.

GSD 6444: Advanced Topics in Technology: Emerging Materials in Landscape Architecture
L. Solano Spring M, 8:30-11:30
Course description unavailable. Contact the Department of Landscape Architecture for more information.

GSD 6445: Green Infrastructure in the Non-formal City
C. Werthmann Spring F, 9:00-12:00
The seminar seeks to explore a deep integration of civil engineering and design in non-formal cities in three stages. In the first stage we will critically examine the foremost examples of slum upgrading projects displayed in the exhibition "Dirty Work: Transforming Landscape in the Non-formal City of the Americas." Curated by John Beardsley and myself, the show exhibits twelve projects in seven cities in Latin America. Throughout the semester designers of the projects will be in class for presentations and discussions. The results of the seminar will be publicized in a newly created website made accessible to the actual planning agencies of "City of Heaven" in Sao Paulo.